The antioxidant properties of gallic acid and allied compounds. Gallic acid and ellagic acid exhibited the dpph radical scavenging activity with ic50 values of. Evaluation of antioxidant activity and total phenol in. Characterization and antioxidant activity of gallic acid derivative. Determination of total phenolic, flavonoid content and. Total phenolic, total flavonoid, tannin content, and. It is found both free and as part of hydrolyzable tannins. Showing all foods in which the polyphenol gallic acid is found food composition. Antioxidant and antiparkinson activity of gallic acid. Evaluation of the antioxidant and prooxidant actions of. Gallic acid is used a remote astringent in cases of internal haemorrhage.
Gallic acid is known to have antiinflammatory, antimutagenic, anticancer and antioxidant activity 7. Gallic acid serves as an antioxidant agents and helps the cells of the body be protected against oxidative damage. Antioxidant activity of gallic acid as affected by an extra carboxyl. Gallic acid, 3, 4, 5trihydroxybenzoic acid can be found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves, oak bark, etc.
There are contradictory reports on involvement of dopamine d2 receptors in the antioxidant activity of several agents. Flavonoids and phenolic acids as antioxidant properties flavonoids and phenolics are well known for their antioxidant activity and we know that antioxidants are specific compounds that protect human, animal and plant cells against the damaging effects of free radicals in. Despite limited bioavailability and rapid degradation, dietary anthocyanins are antioxidants with cardiovascular benefits. Synthesis, characterization and antioxidant study of some. Screening of total phenolic and flavonoid content in. This study sought to investigate antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of gallic acid ga and protocatechuic acids pcas based on their structurefunction relationship. It has a role as an astringent, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, a plant metabolite, an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent, a human xenobiotic metabolite, an ec 1. The released antioxidant power of gallic acid from the film was not reduced by glycerol.
Antioxidant determinations ascorbic acid content was determined using the 2, 6dichlorophenolindophenol titration method described in association of of. Gallic acid possesses antioxidant, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer activities. Synthesis, characterisation, antiparkinson and antioxidant. In the present study we synthesized gallic acid derivatives such as methyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl. Antioxidant, cytotoxic activities, and structureactivity relationship of gallic acidbased indole derivatives. Then, interaction of the phenolic acids with key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes. Pdf antioxidant, cytotoxic activities, and structure. Plantphenolics and flavonoids, including gallic acid, quercetin and rutin, are considered as safe inhibitors for. Delphinidin was found to degrade rapidly t1230min, generating gallic acid as a major degradation product. Alzahrani biology department, faculty of science for girls, king abdul aziz university, saudi arabia abstract dried pomegranate peels were powdered and extracted by maceration in ethanol for 2 days at room temperature. Gallic acid ga is a natural polyphenol and found in many plants such as fruits and nuts. Gallic acid also known as 3,4,5trihydroxybenzoic acid is a trihydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid, found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves, oak bark, and other plants. The demonstrated biological and pharmacological acti vities of res eratrol are attributed to its antioxidant property 14. Chapter pdf available april 20 with 1,933 reads how we measure reads.
One such prominent phenolic acid is gallic acid which is found in a wide variety of vegetables. Gallic acid is also used to treat albuminuria and diabetes. The presence of gallic acid not only increased the antioxidant capacity of the film, but also increased the tensile strength, elongation at break, and reduced uv absorption due to interaction between gallic acid and protein by hydrogen bonding. However, gallic acid itself also appears to have antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and antiangiogenic activity in vitro. Antioxidant activity of gallic acid as affected by an. Gallic acid is a well known antioxidant compounds which has neuroprotective actions in different models of neurodegeneration, neurotoxicity and oxidative stress. Ellagic acid is the dilactone of hexahydroxydiphenic acid. Gallic acid is found in drinks, nuts, cucumber, tea. The antioxidant activity of gallic acid and pyrogallol is studied by the dpph scavenging assay and the extent of oxidation inhibition of the. Ga is a natural phenolic compound with low toxicity and is produced by di erent plants. To verify the synthesis of dexgal, 1hnuclear magnetic resonance 1hnmr, fourier transform infrared ftir spectrometry, and highperformance sizeexclusion chromatography hpsec were employed.
It also seems to have antifungal, antiviral 14 and antibacterial properties 15. Gallic acid content and an antioxidant mechanism are responsible. Facts about gallic acid gallic acid is also used for making dyes and inks. They possess potential to be developed as a supplement in antiparkinson therapy. The reducing power of these two compounds increased upon. Gallic acid content and an antioxidant mechanism are responsible for the antiproliferative activity of ataulfo mango peel on ls180 cells. Gallic acid, 2,2diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl dpph, 2, 4, 6tripyridylstriazine tptz and 2,2. Gallic acid is a very important common antioxidant tea formulation, known as an ayurvedic herb. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture clp in healthy adult male albino mice 2530 g and was divided into 3 groups each consisting of 6 animals, that is, shamoperated. This study tested the hypothesis that the antioxidant protection conferred by the anthocyanin, delphinidin, is mediated by modulation of endogenous antioxidant defences, driven by its degradation product, gallic acid. Bioavailable concentrations of delphinidin and its. These molecules were also evaluated as antioxidants using total antioxidant capacity tac, reducing power. The lower the ic50 value of an antioxidant the higher would be its free radical scavenging power.
Ellagic acid is a natural phenol antioxidant found in numerous fruits and vegetables. Summary derivatives of gallic acid such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, octyl, and lauryl gallate are used as antioxidants in food products to scavenge reactive oxygen species. The alkyl esters of gallic acid have been reported to possess anticancer. Prophylactic antioxidant potential of gallic acid in. The gallic acid groups are usually bonded to form dimers such as ellagic acid. Some ointment to treat psoriasis and external haemorrhoids contain gallic acid. Ga has been reported to show antioxidant 15 and antiin. Antioxidant, antitumoral and antiinflammatory activities of gallic acid. A novel derivative of dextran, dextrangallic acid dexgal, obtained from simple conjugation with gallic acid, was synthesized by an efficient free radicalmediated method. The addition of antioxidants is one of the strategies to inhibit lipid oxidation, a major cause of lipid deterioration in foods leading to rancidity development and nutritional losses. Pdf antioxidant and antiparkinson activity of gallic. Gallic acid esters, such as tannins, catechin gallates and aliphatic gallates are potent antioxidants in vitro. Antioxidant and antiparkinson activity of gallic acid derivatives.
Gallic acid is a water soluble phenolic acid present in grapes and in the leaves of many plants. The antioxidant and prooxidant properties of ascorbic acid aa and gallic acid ga were investigated. The antioxidant activity of gallic acid and pyrogallol is studied by the dpph scavenging assay and the extent of oxidation inhibition of the triacylglycerols of various unsaturated oils olive, sunflower, and soybean and their oil. In the present work, its primary antioxidant activity has been investigated using the density functional theory dft, and the quantum. Antibacterial activities of gallic acid and gallic acid. It also inhibits celltocell spread in hcv infectious cell cultures, an early step of viral entry, such as the docking of hcv at the cell surface blocks, but does not.
Gallic acid pretreatment decreases the harmful oxidative consequences of myocardial infarction in the context of its antioxidant potency, either by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as sod, cat, gst, and gpx andor by elevation of the level of nonenzymatic antioxidant agents, such as gsh, vitamin c, and vitamin e 58. Original article comparison of abts, dpph, frap, and orac. Extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties jin dai 1, 2 and russell j. Antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of gallic and. A study comparing the antioxidant effects of major phenols including gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid and vanillic acid reported that ga exhibited the highest antioxidant. Characterization and dpph radical scavenging activity of. Synthetic derivatives gallic acid derivatives have been synthesized and reported to possess number of biological and pharmacological activities. Gallic acid is a ubiquitous compound, widely distributed in the vegetal kingdom and frequently found in the human diet.
Showing all foods in which the polyphenol gallic acid is. Gallic acid 3,4,5trihydroxybenzoic acid is often obtained by alkaline or acid hydrolysis of. More recently, the conjugation of two other antioxidant phenolic compounds, catechin 14 and quercetin 15, also led to the synthesis of dextran molecules with antioxidant activity. Ataulfo peel, as well as the antioxidant capacity and antiproliferative. Apart from its phytochemical role, gallic acid is also used in tanning, ink dyes, and the manufacture of paper. Effects of gallic acid and physical exercise on passive. Phenolic acids such as caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid were reported to be among the abundant compounds in the methanolic extracts of aerial tissues of l. Gallic acid inhibits lipid accumulation via ampk pathway. Among various polyphenols, gallic acid 3,4,5trihydroxybenzoic acid, a naturally occurring low molecular weight triphenolic compound, has emerged as a strong antioxidant and an. Gallic acid is a trihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are at positions 3, 4, and 5. However, several studies have been reported that conventional antioxidant assays, e.
Study of phenolic compounds as natural antioxidants by a. Due to its poor lipophilic property, the application of gallic acid in functional food and medicine is restricted. Vamanu and nita showed that rosmarinic acid, a major phenolic compound, in the methanolic extracts of wild edible boletus edulis mushroom is an effective antioxidant. Present study is to investigate the effect of gallic acid pretreatment on survival of septic animals and oxidative stress in different organs like lungs, liver, kidney, spleen, and vascular dysfunction of mice. It has been observed that gallic acid has anticancer property without damaging the cells of the body jagan et al. Gallic acid was used as a standard compound and the total phenols were expressed as mgg gallic acid equivalent using the standard standard curve equation. The ic50 values of the herbs and spices varied from 87. Pdf a phenolic acid had been isolated from chloroform soluble fractions of a methanol extract of stem bark of syzygium litorale, fam. Differently, the ester derivatives of gallic acid, such as catechin gallate ester or gallotannins, are hydrolyzed to gallic acid before being metabolized to methylated derivatives. Gallic acid is a wellknown natural antioxidant that is basically a secondary polyphenolic metabolite.
Antibacterial activities of gallic acid and gallic acid methyl ester on methicillinresistant staphylococcus aureus salha h. Antioxidant and prooxidant properties of ascorbic acid. The reducing power of these two compounds increased upon increasing the concentration. Pharmacological effects of gallic acid in health and. The antioxidant properties of gallic acid and allied. Lascorbic acid was used to prepare a standard solution 1mgml. Ascorbic acid, folinciocalteus reagent, sodium carbonate and silica gel f 254 tlc plates were from merck mumbai, india. Twenty micromolar of phenolic acid ga and pca solutions was prepared and their antioxidant properties determined.
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